Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-20 yokuzikhandla eChina, imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina isiphenduke imakethe ye-photovoltaic enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye nesikhungo sokukhiqiza imboni ye-photovoltaic kanye nezinzuzo zayo kwezobuchwepheshe nezikali."Photovoltaic" igama elijwayelekile nelingaziwa;libuye libe yizwi elimangalisayo nelinika ithemba.Inkathi yezinguquko zamandla ilethe amandla aluhlaza ezindlini zethu.Yenza ukuphila kwethu kube ngcono.
“Isimo Sentuthuko kanye Namathemba Esikhathi Esizayo Semboni Ye-Photovoltaic YaseShayina ngo-2022” eyakhishwa yi-China Photovoltaic Industry Association ibonisa ukuthi ngo-2021, imboni yezwe lami ye-photovoltaic, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon kukleliswe kuqala emhlabeni iminyaka engu-11 ilandelana;ukukhiqizwa kwemojula ye-photovoltaic kuqala emhlabeni iminyaka engu-15 elandelanayo;Umthamo ofakiwe ufika kuqala emhlabeni iminyaka eyi-9 ilandelana;umthamo ofakiwe we-photovoltaics ufika kuqala emhlabeni iminyaka engu-7 ilandelana.Namuhla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusekhaya noma phesheya, isimo se-quo noma okulindelwe, imboni ye-photovoltaic iyakhula.
Kodwa abantu futhi banokungabaza ngokuthi "induku enkulu yokuhweba" yeminyaka eyishumi edlule izophinda yini, noma ngabe ukwanda kwezinto ze-silicon kuzoqhubeka nokufaka ingcindezi embonini, nokuthi iyiphi inkampani engagqama ngaphansi kokuncintisana okuqinile, njll., futhi lezi konke kungase kuthathwe embonini ye-photovoltaic.Impendulo itholakala ohlelweni lokuthuthukisa.
Ngawo-1970, kwaqubuka inkinga kawoyela, futhi imboni yokuphehla amandla elanga ye-photovoltaic yavula ithuba elihle lokuthuthuka emhlabeni wonke.Ngaleso sikhathi, i-United States yayiyi-hegemon yemboni ye-photovoltaic.Ngokusekelwa kokuqoqwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nobuchwepheshe, kwazalwa amabhizinisi amaningi e-photovoltaic asezingeni lomhlaba, namanye amazwe athuthukile alandela futhi athuthukisa ngamandla imboni ye-photovoltaic.
E-China, ngenxa yenzuzo ephezulu yokukhiqiza amaphaneli e-polycrystalline silicon, izinkampani eziningi seziphenduke izisekelo zamaseli e-photovoltaic, kodwa lawa mandla okukhiqiza anikezwa ikakhulukazi emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, futhi umthamo wasekhaya ofakiwe we-photovoltaic uphansi kakhulu.Ngo-2000, iNgqungquthela Yomhlaba Yezamandla ye-IEA yabikezela ukuthi ngo-2020, umthamo we-photovoltaic waseChina usuwonke ofakiwe uzoba ngaphansi kuka-0.1GW.
Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina kudlule kakhulu lokhu okulindelekile.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kuqhubekile nokwenza impumelelo.Izwe lisungule ngokulandelana izikhungo eziningi ezibalulekile zokucwaninga nobuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela, futhi lasebenzisana nezikole ezifuywayo ezaziwayo ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo oluyisisekelo ngezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nemishini enqubweni yokuphehla ugesi we-photovoltaic.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lamabhizinisi likhulile.Ngo-1998, uMiao Liansheng, owangenisa izingxenye ezivela eJapane ukuze zihlanganise izibani ze-neon zelanga, waba nesithakazelo esikhulu embonini yamandla elanga futhi wasungula i-Baoding Yingli New Energy Co., Ltd., yaba inkampani yokuqala yaseShayina yemboni ye-photovoltaic.
Ngo-2001, ngokwesekwa uHulumeni kaMasipala waseWuxi, uShi Zhengrong, owafunda ngaphansi “koyise wamandla elanga” uSolwazi Martin Green, wabuya eyofunda phesheya futhi wasungula iWuxi Suntech Solar Power Co., Ltd., osekuyizwe. -i-photovoltaic giant eyaziwayo.Cishe ngo-2004, ngokwethulwa kwe-"Kyoto Protocol", "Renewable Energy Law" kanye nezikweletu zayo ezibuyekeziwe, imboni ye-photovoltaic yomhlaba wonke yaqala ukuqubuka okuphelele.
Izinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic zisebenzisa lesi simo ukuze zime emhlabeni jikelele.NgoZibandlela wezi-2005, i-Suntech yaba yibhizinisi lokuqala elizimele ezweni laseShayina ukuba lifakwe ohlwini lwe-New York Stock Exchange.NgoJuni 2007, u-Yingli wafakwa ohlwini ngempumelelo e-New York Stock Exchange.Ngaleso sikhathi, izinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic ezifana ne-JA Solar, i-Zhejiang Yuhui, i-Jiangsu Canadian Solar, i-Changzhou Trina Solar, ne-Jiangsu Linyang zibhale ngempumelelo phesheya kwezilwandle ngokulandelana.Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2007, ukuphuma komhlaba wonke kwamaseli elanga kwaba ngu-3,436 MW, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngama-56%.Phakathi kwabo, isabelo semakethe sabakhiqizi baseJapane sehle saya ku-26%, futhi isabelo semakethe sabakhiqizi baseShayina senyuke safika ku-35%.
Ngo-2011, imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina yaqala umzuzu oyingozi.Inkinga yezezimali yomhlaba wonke ifinyelele imakethe ye-photovoltaic yaseYurophu, futhi i-United States iqalise uphenyo "okuphindwe kabili" ezinkampanini zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic.Ngokusekelwa kwezinqubomgomo eziningi, izinkampani ze-photovoltaic zithole kabusha indawo yazo yokuhlala emakethe yasekhaya.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, sekuyisikhathi eside "amakhono angaphakathi" ezinkampanini ze-photovoltaic zaseShayina.Kusukela kuzinto ze-silicon, ama-wafers e-silicon, amaseli kuya kumamojula, amaqoqo ezinkampani ezintsha avele emikhakheni ehlukahlukene engaphansi, njenge-GCL, ephule ukubusa kobuchwepheshe be-polysilicon.Iqembu, LONGi Group, elikhuthaza ukushintshwa kwe-polysilicon nge-silicon ye-monocrystalline, i-Tongwei Group, edlula emakhoneni ngobuchwepheshe beselula be-PERC, njalonjalo.Ngisho noma inqubomgomo yemboni ye-photovoltaic ihoxise uxhaso, imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina, esevele ihamba phambili embonini ye-photovoltaic yomhlaba, ishintshe ngokushesha futhi yangena esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa ukuze ifinyelele umgomo "wegridi parity".Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic zehlile.80% -90%.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinkinga "ze-trade stick" azipheli.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-United States, i-India kanye namanye amazwe asebenzise izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuhweba izikhathi eziningi ukuze kuvikelwe imboni yabo ye-photovoltaic, njengophenyo lwase-United States 201, uphenyo lwe-301 kanye nophenyo lwaseNdiya lokulwa nokulahla.NgoMashi walo nyaka, abezindaba baseMelika baphinde babika ukuthi uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US uzophenya ukuthi ngabe abakhiqizi bamandla elanga baseShayina bayayigwema yini imali yelanga ngokwenza ibhizinisi emazweni amane aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.Uma uphenyo luyiqiniso, i-US izokhokhisa izintela kumamojula we-photovoltaic avela kulawa mazwe amane aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.amanani aphezulu.
Esikhathini esifushane, kuzoba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezinkampani zasekhaya ze-photovoltaic, ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezihlobene nengxenye ephezulu yezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle noma ukukhula okusheshayo.Isibonelo, ngo-2021, imali engenayo yemakethe yaseMelika izoba ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-13, ukwanda konyaka ngo-47%, okuhlanganisa u-16% wesamba semali engenayo;imakethe yaseYurophu izoba ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11,4, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-128%, okubalelwa ku-14% wesamba semali engenayo.Kodwa imboni yanamuhla yaseChina ye-photovoltaic ayiyona into eyayiyiyo ngaphambili.Iketango lezimboni ezizimele futhi elilawulekayo ligweme inkinga "yentamo ebambekile" njenge-chip.Ubuchwepheshe kanye nesilinganiso socwaningo nentuthuko kanye nokukhiqiza kunenzuzo, futhi imakethe enkulu yokufunwa ngaphansi kokusakazwa kwangaphakathi ibuye ibe nokusekelwa Okunamandla, ukungqubuzana kwezimakethe zaphesheya kungase kube buhlungu kwezinye izinkampani, inqobo nje uma ubuchwepheshe nemikhiqizo kuyinkosi, kunzima. ukunyakazisa isisekelo.
Ebhekene nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemboni ye-photovoltaic, abantu bethu abanamakhono baqhubeka bekhuphuka phezulu embonini.Singochwepheshe ohlelweni lwe-photovoltaic kanye nokusebenza kokuhlanza nokugcinwa, futhi sikhanyisa izinkulungwane zabangane abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba.izigidi zemizi.Iphinde inikeze amandla e-photovoltaic aluhlaza kubangani emhlabeni wonke.Ukuhlakanipha kungakhanyisa izwe eliluhlaza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-27-2022